The Chinese Tang dog dates back 7,000 years and therefore was subject to a lot of forced migration as the various peoples migrated out of China (for example to avoid persecution during some of the ancient dynasties)and brought their pets with them.
The Chinese Tang dog dates back 7,000 years and therefore was subject to a lot of forced migration as the various peoples migrated out of China (for example to avoid persecution during some of the ancient dynasties)and brought their pets with them.
Tang Dog (唐狗) an ancient medium-sized dog breed indigenous to Southern China.
The dog was also bought by travellers and sailors and these led to known descendants including:
SOME OF THE POSSIBLE DESCENDANTS 可能的后裔
DESCENDANT 1 : Vietnamese Chó lài
(Vietnamese Dingo, Vietnamese Pastoral Dog, Vietnamese Village Dog)
后裔 1 : 越南 Chó lài
(越南丁哥犬，越南田园犬，越南乡村犬）
The Tang Dog is thought to be the ancestor of the Vietnamese Chó lài, which itself can be traced to ancient dog species in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins of southern China, with fossils there dating as far back as 7,000 years ago, although Vietnam is home to the oldest known dog remains in mainland Southeast Asia, dating back around 4,000 years ago.
唐狗被认为是越南 Chó lài 的祖先，而越南 Chó lài 则可追溯到中国南方黄河和长江流域的古代狗种，那里的化石最早可追溯到 7000 年前。
One of these two dogs are likely too have given rise to the Australian Dingo (the earliest known dingo remains in Australia are from 3,450 years ago).
这两种狗中的一种很可能是澳大利亚鼎革犬的祖先（澳大利亚已知最早的鼎革犬化石可追溯到 3450 年前）。
Although the ancestorial Tang dog has a black tongue, it is not known whether the Chó lài has a black tongue (Texts and Photos do not mention a black tongue).
虽然唐狗祖先的舌头是黑色的，但 “豕 “的舌头是否黑色尚不清楚（文字和照片中没有提到黑色舌头）。
Like its ancestor the Tang dog, the Chó lài, therefore, has a fascinating place in the history of the region, and the modern breed is intelligent, making it very alert and inquisitive but also very difficult to train. They are also very athletic, while also serving as an excellent guard, much like another Vietnamese dog, the chó Bắc Hà.
因此，Chó lài和它的祖先唐狗一样，在该地区的历史上占有重要地位，这种现代犬种非常聪明，非常警觉和好奇，但也很难训练。它们还非常健壮，同时也是出色的护卫犬，就像另一种越南犬 chó Bắc Hà 一样。
They were used by the Vietnamese community to herding livestock, as guides in the forest, and protecting homes, and like the Tang dog, they were able to go hunting on their own and loyally bring game and squirrels back to their owners, but in the modern age they are more domesticated.They are fiercely loyal to owners and need lots of exercise. In the Long-haired version of the Vietnamese Chó lài the tail is bushier and does not arch over the back.
越南人用它们来放牧牲畜、在森林中充当向导和保护家园，它们还能像唐狗一样独自去打猎，并忠诚地把猎物和松鼠带回给主人，但在现代，它们更多地被驯化。 长毛越南鬈犬的尾巴比较粗壮，不会拱在背上。
The chó Lài is a distinct landrace of dogs now native to the northern mountains of Vietnam, and found in the highland areas west of Thanh Hóa along the Ma River and in some remote villages in the northern border area where they function as a farm dog, providing pest control around the house, herding cattle or hunting for food in the forest as well as forest guides.
Chó Lài 是一种独特的陆生犬，现在原产于越南北部山区，分布在清化以西沿马河的高原地区和北部边境地区的一些偏远村庄，在那里它们可以作为农家犬、在房屋周围进行害虫防治、放牛或在森林中觅食，还可以作为森林向导。
In the Vietnamese historical work Đại Việt thông sử it is stated that the Lài dog was selectively bred by Emperor Le Loi in the 14th century to serve in the military and as hunting hounds. Today the dog is critically endangered with under 1000 dogs thought to exist. Efforts are underway to collect and breed genetically pure examples in sanctuaries; however, Lài dogs are difficult to obtain.
越南历史著作《越南历史》（Đại Việt thông sử ）中记载，黎狗是黎老皇帝在 14 世纪有选择地饲养的，用于军队和狩猎。如今，这种狗已濒临灭绝，据说仅存不到 1000 只。目前，人们正在努力收集基因纯正的 Lài 犬，并在保护区内进行繁殖；但是，Lài 犬很难获得
The face is long and triangular, with slanted red or amber eyes with dark rims and upright lanceolate-shaped ears Cho Lài dogs have a double coat; the outer coat is rough and provides protection against windy weather, while the soft inner coat keeps the body warm and they can be longhaired or shorthaired. The feet are round and webbed, the forefoot rotates flexibly like a human wrist. allowing the Lài dog to agilely chase prey, including climbing up trees or swimming.
脸长而呈三角形，有一双斜视的红色或琥珀色眼睛，眼圈呈深色，耳朵呈直立的披针形 Cho Lài 犬有双层被毛；外层被毛粗糙，可抵御大风天气，而柔软的内层被毛可保持身体温暖，它们有长毛和短毛之分。它们的脚是圆形的，有蹼，前脚可以像人的手腕一样灵活地转动，这使它们能够灵活地追逐猎物，包括爬树或游泳。
The Lài dog is an intelligent, quick-witted and loyal dog that will aggressively protect their owners and with excellent drive and stamina. They are aloof to strangers and make excellent watchdogs. Lài dogs are considered a very robust breed with few health issues, often living up to 20 years.
Lài 犬是一种聪明、机灵、忠诚的狗狗，会积极保护主人，具有出色的动力和耐力。它们对陌生人很冷漠，是优秀的看门狗。Lài 犬被认为是一种非常健壮的犬种，健康问题很少，通常能活到 20 岁。
DESCENDANT 2 : Lianyong Pastoral Dog (Lianyong Village Dog)
The Lianyoug Pastoral Dog (Lianyong Village Doc) is has a shorter face than both the Vieetnamese Cho Lai and the Chinese Tang Dog and as its face is not straight or sharp, it conforms to the ancient thought of the golden mean, so the literati named it “Lianyong” and it is a rural dog breed distributed in the South-West of China.
良友牧羊犬（良友村医）的脸比维埃纳赵莱犬和中国唐狗都要短，而且脸型不直也不尖，符合古代的金庸思想，因此文人将其命名为 “良友”，是一种分布在中国西南部的农村犬种。
DESCENDANT 3 : PingLing Pastoral Dog
第三代传人：平陵牧羊犬
Also known as the Chinese Shiba Inu, it is the ancestor of the Shiba Inu of the island country. It has straight ears and a triangular head. A typical PingLing discription is that “it looks like a wolf but not a wolf, or a fox but not a fox”.
柴犬又称中国柴犬，是岛国柴犬的祖先。它的耳朵是直的，头是三角形的。平灵犬的典型特征是 “似狼非狼、似狐非狐”。
DESCENDANT 4 :Bendu Country Dog
The Bendu Dog is thin but muscular and powerful. Further data awaited
本杜狗体型瘦小，但肌肉发达，力大无穷。等待进一步数据
maritime Southeast Asia to Asia and the oldest remains of dingoes in Australia are around 3,500 years old. The Australian Dingo is thought to descend from the Central Asian dog, probably the Chinese Tang Dog although is exact taxonomic classification is debated as indicated by the variety of scientific names presently applied in different publications.
丁哥犬的血统可以通过东南亚海域追溯到亚洲，澳大利亚最古老的丁哥犬遗骸距今约有 3500 年。澳大利亚丁哥犬被认为是中亚犬类的后代，很可能是中国唐狗的后代，尽管目前在不同出版物中使用的学名五花八门，但其确切的分类仍存在争议。
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It is considered a form of domesticated dog that was brought to Australia about 3,500 years ago by mariners and is wrongly not though to warrant a full classification as a subspecies of dog or wolf, or a full species in its own right. The line appears to have split into the Australian Dingo and the New Guinea singing dog (so called as the bark is almost non-existent)[1] and was described in early records as “a medium-sized canine that possesses a lean, hardy body adapted for speed, agility, and stamina, having three main coat colourations are light ginger or tan, black and tan, or creamy white and with a wedge-shaped skull, and very similar to Chinese hunting dogs”.
它被认为是一种被驯化的狗，大约在 3500 年前由航海者带到澳大利亚，被错误地认为不值得将其完全归类为狗或狼的一个亚种，或者本身就是一个完整的物种。该品系似乎分为澳大利亚丁哥犬和新几内亚歌唱犬（因几乎没有吠声而得名），在早期的记录中被描述为 “一种中等体型的犬科动物，拥有瘦弱、坚韧的身体，适合速度、敏捷和耐力，有三种主要的被毛颜色：浅姜黄色或棕褐色、黑棕褐色或乳白色，头骨呈楔形，与中国猎犬非常相似”。
In 1788, Australia’s first Colonial Governor Arthur Phillip of the First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay under the command of Arthur Phillip Australia’s first colonial governor, who took ownership of a dingo and in his journal made a brief description with an illustration of the “Dog of New South Wales”. In 1793, based on Phillip’s brief description and illustration, the “Dog of New South Wales” was classified by leading German medical doctor and amateur naturalist as “Canis dingo”.
1788 年，澳大利亚第一任殖民总督阿瑟-菲利普指挥第一舰队抵达植物湾，他拥有了一只恐鸟，并在他的日记中对 “新南威尔士之犬 “进行了简要描述，并配有插图。1793 年，根据菲利普的简要描述和插图，德国著名医生和业余博物学家将 “新南威尔士之犬 “归类为 “Canis dingo”。
In 1999, a study of the maternal lineage through the use of mitochondrial DNA indicates that the dingo and New Guinea singing dog developed at a time when human populations were more isolated from each other and under Mammal Species of the World 2005, the entry for wolf Canis lupus and its wild subspecies, proposed (now considered erroneously) two additional subspecies:
“familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 [domestic dog]”; and
“dingo Meyer, 1793 [domestic dog]”.
It also included “hallstromi”—the New Guinea singing dog—as a taxonomic synonym. for the dingo.
1999 年，通过使用线粒体 DNA 对母系进行的一项研究表明，在人类种群相互隔离程度较高的时期发展起来的是丁哥犬和新几内亚歌唱犬，并在《2005 年世界哺乳动物物种》的狼及其野生亚种条目中提出（现在被认为是错误的）另外两个亚种：
“林奈，1758 年 [家犬]”；以及
“dingo Meyer, 1793 [家犬]”。
它还将 “hallstromi”–新几内亚歌唱犬–作为分类异名。
However, recent DNA sequencing of a ‘pure’ wild dingo from South Australia suggests that the dingo is ‘intermediate’ between wolves and domestic dogs probably from South Eastern Asia although the number of Dingo sequenced for the test is not listed and thought to be too small to be statistically valid. Although It is also possible that the particular Dingo pack sampled may have been part Dingo and part wolf and not typical of the Dingo lineage.
不过，最近对南澳大利亚一只 “纯种 “野生鼎戈进行的 DNA 测序表明，鼎戈是狼和家犬之间的 “中间产物”，可能来自东南亚。尽管也有可能采样的特定丁哥犬群有一部分是丁哥犬，一部分是狼，而不是典型的丁哥犬血统。不过，也有可能被采样的特定丁戈狼群一部分是丁戈，一部分是狼，而不是典型的丁戈血统。
The Dingo is regarded as a feral dog because although living in the wild, it descended from domesticated ancestors. The Dingo’s relationship with indigenous Australians is one of commensalism, in which two organisms live in close association, but do not depend on each other for survival.
Dingo被认为是一种野狗，因为它虽然生活在野外，但却是驯化祖先的后代。Dingo与澳大利亚土著人的关系是一种共生关系，即两种生物生活在一起，但并不依赖对方生存。
Any free-ranging, unowned dog can be socialised to become an owned dog, as when a Dingo joins human families. The Dingo has not been selectively bred for particular traits as has occurred with may modern-day dog breeds.
Based on a comparison of modern dingoes with these early remains, dingo morphology has not changed over thousands of years. This suggests that no artificial selection has been applied over this period and that the dingo represents an early form of dog, in the same way that the Chinese Tang dog does. They have lived, bred, and undergone natural selection in the wild, isolated from other dogs until the arrival of European settlers, resulting in a unique lineage.
In 2020, an MDNA study of ancient dog remains from the Yellow River and the Yangtzee River basins of southern China showed that most of the ancient dogs fell within haplogroup A1b, as do the Australian dingoes and the pre-colonial dogs of the Pacific, but in low frequency in China today. The specimen from the Tianluoshan archaeological sitee, province dates to 7,000 YBP (years before present) and is basal to the entire haplogroup A1b lineage. The dogs belonging to this haplogroup were once widely distributed in southern China, then dispersed through Southeast Asia into New Guinea and Oceania, but were replaced in China by dogs of other lineages 2,000 YBP.
The oldest reliable date for dog remains found in mainland Southeast Asia is from Vietnam at 4,000 YBP, and in Islands in Southeeast Asia from Timor-Leste at 3,000 YBP. The earliest dingo remains in the Torres Straits date to 2,100 YBP. In New Guinea, the earliest dog remains date to 2,500–2,300 YBP from Caution Bay near Port Moresby, but no ancient New Guinea singing dog remains have been found.
By the close of the last ice age, 11,700 years ago, five ancestral dog lineages had diversified from each other, with one of these being represented today by the New Guinea singing dog. In 2020, the first whole genome sequencing of the dingo and the New Guinea singing dog was undertaken. The study indicates that the ancestral lineage of the dingo/New Guinea singing dog clade arose in southern East Asia and migrated through Island Southeast Asia 9,900 YBO, and reached Australia 8,300 YBP; however, the human population which brought them remains unknown. The dingo’s genome indicates that it was once a domestic dog which commenced a process of feralization since its arrival 8,300 years ago, with the new environment leading to changes in those genomic regions which regulate metabolism, neurodevelopment, and reproduction.
Dingoes found today in the northwestern part of the Australian continent split from the lineage of the New Guinea singing dog and southeastern dingo 8,300 years ago, followed by a split between the New Guinea singing dog lineage from the southeastern dingo lineage 7,800 years ago. Compared with the dog, the dingo is able to rotate its wrists and can turn doorknobs or raise latches in order to escape confinement. Dingo shoulder joints are unusually flexible, and they can climb fences, cliffs, trees, and rocks. These adaptations help dingoes climbing in difficult terrain, where they prefer high vantage points. A similar adaptation can be found in the Norwegian Lundehund, which was developed on isolated Norwegian islands to hunt in cliff and rocky areas. Wolves do not have this ability.
Key features of a wolf skull and dentition
Compared with the skull of the European dog, the dingo possesses a longer muzzle, longer carnassial teeth, longer and more slender canine teeth, larger auditory bullae, a flatter cranium with a larger sagittal crest, and larger nucha lines. In 2014, a study was conducted on pre-20th century dingo specimens that are unlikely to have been influenced by later hybridisation and the dingo skull was found to differ relative to the domestic dog by its larger palatal width, longer rostrum, shorter skull height, and wider sagittal crest, although this study was later rebutted when it was found that the figures did in fact fall within the wider range of the measurements for Central Asian dogs.
Based on a comparison with the remains of a dingo found at Fromme’s Landing, the dingo’s skull and skeleton have not changed over the past 3,000 years and remain consistent with the ancestral traces to the South Asian dog species. Compared to the wolf, the dingo possesses a paedomorphic cranium similar to domestic dogs. However, the dingo has a larger brain size compared to dogs of the same body weight, with the dingo being more comparable with the wolf than dogs are. In this respect, the dingo resembles two similar mesopredators, the dhole and the coyote. The eyes are triangular (or almond-shaped) and are hazel to dark in colour with dark rims. The ears are erect and occur high on the skull.
The bark of a dingo is short and monosyllabic, and is rarely used. Barking was observed to make up only 5% of vocalisations. Dog barking has always been distinct from wolf barking. Australian dingoes bark mainly in swooshing noises or in a mixture of atonal and tonal sounds. In addition, barking is almost exclusively used for giving warnings. Warn-barking in a homotypical sequence and a kind of “warn-howling” in a heterotypical sequence have also been observed. The bark-howling starts with several barks and then fades into a rising and ebbing howl and is probably (similar to coughing) used to warn the puppies and members of the pack.
Additionally, dingoes emit a sort of “wailing” sound, which they mostly use when approaching a watering hole, probably to warn already present dingoes.
Dingoes howl in chorus with significant pitches, and with increasing number of pack members, the variability of pitches also increases. Therefore, dingoes are suspected to be able to measure the size of a pack without visual contact. Moreover, their highly variable chorus howls have been proposed to generate a confounding effect in the receivers by making pack size appear larger.
Growling, making up about 65% of the vocalisations, is used in an agonostic context for dominance, and as a defensive sound. Similar to many domestic dogs, a reactive usage of defensive growling is only rarely observed. Growling very often occurs in combination with other sounds, and has been observed almost exclusively in swooshing noises (similar to barking).
They also scent-rub, whereby a dog rolls its neck, shoulders, or back on something that is usually associated with food or the scent markings of other dogs
Dingoes are regarded as Apex predators and possibly perform an ecological key function. Likely (with increasing evidence from scientific research), they control the diversity of the ecosystem by limiting the number of prey and keeping the competition in check. Observations concerning the mutual impact of dingoes and red fox and cat populations suggest dingoes limit the access of foxes and cats to certain resources. As a result, a disappearance of the dingoes may cause an increase of red fox and feral cat numbers, and therefore, a higher pressure on native animals. These studies found the presence of dingoes is one of the factors that keep fox numbers in an area low, and therefore reduces pressure on native animals, which then do not disappear from the area. The countrywide numbers of red foxes are especially high where dingo numbers are low, but other factors might be responsible for this, depending on the areaObservations concerning the mutual impact of dingoes and red fox and cat populations suggest dingoes limit the access of foxes and cats to certain resources. As a result, a disappearance of the dingoes may cause an increase of red fox and feral cat numbers, and therefore, a higher pressure on native animals. These studies found the presence of dingoes is one of the factors that keep fox numbers in an area low, and therefore reduces pressure on native animals, which then do not disappear from the area. The countrywide numbers of red foxes are especially high where dingo numbers are low, but other factors might be responsible for this, depending on the areaThe dingo is recognised as a native animalunder the laws of all Australian jurisdictions
As of 2008 some of these jurisdictions classify dingoes as an invasive native.
Dingoes are reasonably abundant in large parts of Australia, but there is some argument that they are endangered due to interbreeding with other dogs in many parts of their range. Because of their conservation value, in February 2013, a report on Fraser Island dingo management strategies was released, with options including ending the intimidation of dingoes, tagging practice changes and regular veterinarian checkups, as well as a permanent dingo sanctuary on the island.
According to DNA examinations from 2004, the dingoes of Fraser Island are “pure”, as opposed to dingo—dog hybrids. However, skull measurements from the mid-1990s had a different result.
A 2013 study showed that dingoes living in the Tanami Desert are among the “purest” in Australia. According to the Dingo Discovery Sanctuary and Research Centre, many studies are finding a case for the re-introduction of the dingo into previously occupied areas in order to return some balance to badly degraded areas as a result of “unregulated and ignorant farming practices”
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[1] The first British colonists to arrive in Australia in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and noted “dingoes” living with indigenous Australians